Le Pen’s far right served as mouthpiece for the Kremlin, says French parliamentary report

Dec 18, 2023

Dogged by accusations of proximity to the Kremlin, Marine Le Pen's far-right National Rally party had hoped to clear its name by setting up a parliamentary inquiry to investigate foreign interference in French politics. But a draft report on the committee's findings, which was leaked to the press this week, shows the move backfired spectacularly, finding instead that Le Pen's policy stances sometimes echo the "official language of Putin's regime".

Issued on: 03/06/2023 - 17:47

After a six-month inquiry and more than 50 hearings, the cross-party parliamentary inquiry found that the National Rally (Rassemblement national or RN) party had served as a "communication channel" for Russian power, notably supporting Moscow's illegal annexation of Crimea, according to the leaked report.

The text, due to be published next week, was adopted on Thursday by eleven votes to five – to the dismay of the inquiry's chair and instigator, RN lawmaker Jean-Philippe Tanguy, who promptly dismissed the process as a "farce".

The vote came just days after Le Pen was grilled by members of the investigation, swearing under oath that she had no ties to the Kremlin while also reiterating her support for Moscow's takeover of Crimea – which she referred to as a "reattachment".

That support is "visibly appreciated in Moscow", wrote the report's rapporteur Constance Le Grip, noting that the Russian press had given ample coverage to the far-right leader's May 24 interview, "echoing with great satisfaction the assertion, in their view reaffirmed by Marine Le Pen, that Crimea is and always has been Russian".

Twice a runner-up in France's most recent presidential elections, Le Pen has in the past spoken admiringly of Russian President Vladimir Putin and his nationalist rhetoric. Prior to last year's invasion – and despite Russian incursions into Georgia, Crimea and Ukraine's Donbas – she laughed off suggestions that he posed a threat to Europe.

In her 218-page report, Le Grip, a member of President Emmanuel Macron's ruling Renaissance party, pointed to a "long-standing" link between Russia and the far-right party co-founded by Jean-Marie Le Pen, then known as the National Front. The report further noted that the "strategy of political and ideological rapprochement" with Moscow had "accelerated" since Le Pen's daughter Marine became leader of the party in 2011.

The report details frequent contacts between party representatives and Russian officials, culminating in the warm welcome Le Pen received at the Kremlin ahead of France's 2017 presidential election, complete with a photo op with Putin.

It also highlights the far-right leader's "alignment" with "Russian discourse" at the time of Moscow's illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014, the year the National Front obtained a loan from a bank close to the Kremlin.

"All [Le Pen's] comments on Crimea, reiterated during her inquiry hearing, repeat word for word the official language of Putin's regime," Le Grip wrote, noting that the National Rally had fiercely opposed then-president François Hollande's decision to scrap the sale of two Mistral helicopter carriers to Russia over its takeover of Crimea.

The pro-Russian stance "softened" in the wake of Moscow's invasion of Ukraine, the centrist MP conceded, noting that Le Pen and her party had "unambiguously condemned" Russian aggression – though without changing tack on Crimea.

Despite Le Pen's efforts to distance herself from Moscow, the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine exacerbated scrutiny of her party's links to Russia, handing her opponents a line of attack in the run-up to France's presidential election later that year.

During a bruising televised debate ahead of their April 24 presidential run-off, Macron launched a blistering attack on his far-right opponent, accusing her of effectively being on the Kremlin's payroll owing to her party's links with a Russian bank.

"When you speak to Russia, you are not speaking to any foreign leader, you are talking to your banker," Macron told Le Pen, arguing that her party's loan from a Russian bank with links to the Kremlin made her "dependent on Vladimir Putin" and incapable of "defending French interests".

Le Pen has repeatedly argued that she had no choice but to seek creditors abroad because French banks are reluctant to deal with her party – some on ideological grounds, others due to the party's chronically unstable finances.

The controversial loan was once again in the spotlight during her audition last week, a testy, four-hour-long grilling that failed to produce evidence of a political service rendered in exchange for the credit. Likewise, Le Grip's report dwells at length on the Russian loan, without demonstrating a return of favours.

"There is nothing, not a shred of evidence that would prove Russian influence over the National Rally," Le Pen told reporters on Thursday, as rumours about the leaked report began to swirl. "This report passes judgement on my political opinions, not on any form of foreign interference," she added, blasting a "political trial".

>> Read more: Trump, Farage, Le Pen: Why the West's right wing loves Vladimir Putin

By pushing for an inquiry late last year, the National Rally had hoped to deflect attention from its Moscow ties and put the focus on other parties’ links to foreign powers, whether Russia, the United States or China.

Among the witnesses summoned to testify was François Fillon, the former conservative prime minister, who was quizzed on his role as an adviser to two Russian oil companies – one of them state-owned – after he quit politics in 2017. The former PM, who stepped down from both positions on February 25, the day after Russian tanks rolled into Ukraine, testified that he "never took a single cent of Russian money".

Other witnesses included the head of the DGSI, France's internal security agency, who told a closed hearing that French parliamentarians of all stripes were prime targets of Russian espionage.

Despite the National Rally's best efforts to focus the attention on other parties, the inquiry frequently returned to figures from its own ranks – including EU lawmaker Thierry Mariani, a former conservative minister and longtime Putin admirer who, on a trip to Crimea in 2015, declared its annexation free and fair in line with Le Pen's own stance on the matter.

"The inquiry's immediate political consequence is to highlight, once again, Marine Le Pen's pro-Russian stance – particularly on the annexation of Crimea," French daily Le Monde observed on Friday.

Speaking to the newspaper, Tanguy, the National Rally lawmaker who chaired the inquiry, conceded that he had been "naïve" in expecting another outcome. He also claimed he had been "betrayed" by Le Grip.

As Greens’ lawmaker Julien Bayou quipped, "The [National Rally] launched this inquiry to clear its name, but ended up with a boomerang in the face."

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